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Mīrwais Khān Hotak ((パシュトー語:مير ويس خان هوتک)), also known as Shāh Mirwais Ghiljī ((パシュトー語:شاه ميرويس غلجي)) (lived 1673 – November 1715), was an influential tribal chief of the Ghilji Pashtuns from Kandahar, Afghanistan, who founded the Hotak dynasty that existed from 1709 to 1738. After revolting and killing the Safavid Persian governor over the region, Gurgin Khan in April 1709, he declared what is now southern Afghanistan independent.〔 He is widely known as ''Mīrwais Nīkə'' (ميرويس نيکه) or ''Mīrwais Bābā'' (ميرويس بابا, "Mirwais the father") in the Pashto language.〔http://www.beepworld.de/members4/wolas/mirwaisneeka.htm〕〔 ==Rise to power== In 1707, Kandahar was in a state of chaos, fought over by the Shi'a Persian Safavids and the Sunni Moghuls of India. Mirwais Khan, a Sunni tribal chief whose influence with his fellow-countrymen made him an object of suspicion, was held as a political prisoner by Gurgin Khan, the Persian governor in the region, who then sent him to the Safavid court at Isfahan. He was later freed and even allowed to meet with the Shah, Sultan Husayn, on a regular basis. Having ingratiated himself with the Persian court, Mirwais sought and obtained permission to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca in the Ottoman Empire (after which he was known as Hajji). At that time the once powerful Safavids were declining politically and militarily, riven by internal strife, royal intrigues, and endless wars against their arch rivals, the Ottomans. During his time in Persia, Mirwais tried to learn all the military weaknesses of the Safavids.〔〔 While in Mecca, he sought a fatwa from the leading religious authorities against the foreign rulers who were persecuting his people in his homeland. The Pashtun tribes rankled under the ruling Safavids because of their continued attempts to forcefully convert them from Sunni to Shia Islam.〔 The fatwa was granted and he carried it with him to Iṣfahan and subsequently to Kandahar, with permission to return and strong recommendations to Gurgin Khan. He began organizing his countrymen for a major uprising, and in April 1709, when a large part of the Persian garrison was on an expedition outside the city, he and his followers fell on the remainder and killed the majority of them, including Gurgin Khan.〔 With the death of Gurgin Khan, the Hotaki soldiers took control of the city and then the province. Mirwais entered Kandahar and made an important speech to its inhabitants: Mirwais and his forces then defeated a large Persian army that was sent to regain control over the area. Mirwais Khan became the governor of the Greater Kandahar region, which covered most of present-day Afghanistan and part of pashtun areas of Balochistan, Pakistan.〔 To the northwest were the Abdali Pashtuns and to the east lay the Moghul Empire. Refusing the title of king, Mirwais was referred to as "Prince of Qandahár and General of the national troops" by his Afghan countrymen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mirwais Hotak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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